Study Of Alcoholic Fermentation By Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Study of Alcoholic Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in presence of salt Alhasn Otaif Texas AM Corpus Christi Title of the Experiment: Study of alcoholic Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in presence of salt. Abstract: In the present study the process of fermentation in yeast has been studied. The study of fermentation is very basic and important study in biology in order to understand and develop concepts about anaerobic respiration. This study aimed at determining how the process of fermentation was affected by the presence or absence of salt in the culture media. Also, it was studied how glucose and yeast are crucial to the process of fermentation and absence of any one of them might effect the whole process and led to the complete cessation of fermentation and failure to produce carbon-dioxide. Introduction: Fermentation is the process which is prevalent among certain micro-organism where potential energy conserved in certain organic molecules is converted into some useful form of energy (ATP) in order to do work. Mostly, in the absence of oxygen, cells are capable of breaking down carbohydrates by the process of fermentation. Baker’s Yeast or more commonly known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single celled micro-organism which is capable of undergoing alcoholic fermentation in presence of carbohydrate in order to produce ATP, carbon-dioxide (CO2) and ethanol. The carbohydrate (glucose) that is utilized in the process is converted into twoShow MoreRelatedThe Study Of Wine Making728 Words   |  3 PagesThe study of wine making is known as Vinification. 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Experiments have been designed and completed, testing the response of S. cerevisiae when placed in environmentsRead MoreThe Nature And Importance Of Saccharomyces1687 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of Saccharomyces to humans Introduction Saccharomyces is part of the genus of the kingdom Fungi that consists of many species of yeast. It is a eukaryotic organism that is unicellular in nature and is saprophytic- allowing them to process dead or decaying matter. The colonies of Saccharomyces produce at a rapid rate and usually develop in three days. Saccharomyces are smooth, flat and moist microorganisms ranging from white to cream in colour. The species of Saccharomyces possess typicalRead MoreHow Are Fungi Microorganisms?809 Words   |  4 Pagesresearched microorganisms (Howstuffworks, 2008). They can be used for things such as alcoholic beverages, baking, probiotics, and much more. They are eukaryotic Fungi microorganisms. 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J.k Srivastava3427 Words   |  14 Pages ABSTRACT This training is include isolation of yeast from different resources, comparative study of their growth curves. Initially different natural resources were taken and with the help of microbiological techniques yeast were isolated. With the help of spectrophotoscopy growth curves of these strains were generated. Motive of the study was to trace out the difference in the strains. Sources were chosen on the basis of their difference in ecotype so that a variationRead MoreSelection Of Yeasts From Local Dairy Products Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pagesfruit pulp, [3] soil [4] and in some cases in association with insects. [5] Yeasts had found their application in various fields, like in making of alcoholic as well as non-alcoholic beverages, baking, bioremediation, nutritional supplements and probiotics. [6][7][8] Using yeast as part of bioremediation process has also been reported. 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The contemporary American medical industry Free Essays

The contemporary American medical industry feels the lack of those, who directly take care of the patients and satisfy most of the patients’ needs. The thing is that there are not enough nurses in the American hospitals and clinics due to the small salaries and the lack of perspectives for the career development the registered nurses have. Fortunately, in the last decade numerous shows appeared which create a positive image of nursing and encourage young people to choose it as their career. We will write a custom essay sample on The contemporary American medical industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ER was one of the first TV series which took this mission. There were several remarkable actors who played nurses in this show, but the most remembering is Julianne Margulies’ character, Carol Hathaway, the head nurse in the Emergency Room. There also were several nurses on the second roles. Carol, the head nurse, was often shown at leading roles in the ER series. She was always on duty to save the patients and to assist the doctors. The ER displays Carol and other nurses working directly with the patients, fulfilling their professional chores. In this show nurses are shown providing nursing care to the patients, but it is also noted that sometimes these medical practitioners have to make the decisions and fulfil functions that are out of their professional competence. In scenes with physicians, where other nurses take part, those are the doctors who do most of the talking, but when Carol Hathaway is aired it is her who talks the most. She always has her own opinion about the issues discussed, and she is ready to stand for her viewpoint. In the ER lots of episodes with doctors and nurses are aired, and the who is deciding what help the patient actually needs depends on the personality of the doctor and of the nurse. Of course, usually it is the doctor who guides the process, but sometimes the nurse has to take this role. Let’s, for example recall Dr. Carter’s first day in the ER as a doctor. He was really scared when he got his first patient, so Carol had to fulfil his chores. In the ER it was shown that both man and women are good in the nursing career. There were more female nurses of course, but the male ones also were present. The age of nurses shown in the show varies from twenty to sixty something; there both are the nursing certificate program recent graduates and the aged and experienced specialists. Most of the nurses in the ER are single. Carol Hathaway is portrayed as one of the strongest and most intelligent women in the whole series. She’s strong, ambitious and intelligent, capable and eager of learning something new. Carol’s character is even stronger than most of the doctors who work with her have; but she’s an exception, as most nurses are shown as less ambitious and, more light-headed. Most of them have time for activities besides their job, so they seem little touched by the problems that happen in the hospital. Thus the personality traits depicted in Julianna Margulies’ character, Carol are shown as abnormal for the person of her occupation. Carol Hathaway’s values change as she’s developing personally and professionally through the series. At the beginning serving people, saving them is the most significant for her, but with the time passing we notice that Carol becomes more and more ambitious, she longs for recognition and scholarship. In the same time the other nurses long for various things – most of them still feel that their work is of greatest importance and try to fulfill their chores as drudgingly as possible, but there are also some nurses who just want to sit and do nothing. Most nurses are shown as less intelligent and ambitious than the doctors are. In the ER the nurses aren’t portrayed in sexually demeaning terms, it’s rather they are evaluated on the basis of their professionalism and excellence. Of course, most of the nurses depicted are attractive, and several romantic lines appear which involve nurses. It’s interesting that in the ER nursing is not portrayed as a fulfilling career. The nurses are complaining that the doctors underevaluate them, and in the middle of the series Carol decides to continue her education for to get the doctor’s diploma. Despite of that, the job of a nurse is shown as quite an interesting and exciting one, but in the same time very tiring and demanding. In the ER the profession of a nurse is shown as a deficit and exciting one, but it is also said that the doctors are superior to the nurses, and that the nurses have few opportunities for the career development. Reference â€Å"ER† (1994) TV-Series 1994-. Retrieved October 1, 2005 from the IMDB website. ; http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108757/ ; ER. About the Show. (2005). Retrieved October 1, 2005 from the NBC website. ; http://www.nbc.com/ER/about/index.htm How to cite The contemporary American medical industry, Essay examples

Keystone Pipeline Project free essay sample

The United States is a fossil fuel hungry nation whose economy, markets, and transportation is highly dependent on the abundance of crude oil and petroleum. Although there is roughly 85. 9 billion barrels of undiscovered technically recoverable crude oil currently in the form of oil shale located beneath our soil, we still rely on imports from foreign countries. With a crude oil and petroleum product net import of 7,270 thousand barrels per day the United States is one of the top importers of foreign oil (Petroleum Other Liquids, 2013). According to the U. S. Energy Information Administration, EIA, the United States receives its leading imports of oil from Canada at a rate of 2,815 thousand barrels per day, Saudi Arabia at 1,028 thousand barrels per day, and Mexico at 869 thousand barrels per day. Looking at the geography of the North American continent, the United States shares its longest boarder with Canada, an ideal configuration for trade and transporting goods. It is no surprise that the rate of crude oil imports from Canada is roughly 3 times the rate of imports from Saudi Arabia. This is primarily due to Keystone Pipeline and according to proposals from TransCanada Corp. The rate of oil imports from foreign countries may fluctuate with the completion of Keystone XL project. The Keystone pipeline system is a 2,148 mile pipeline, along with related facilities that carry crude oil from the tar sands of the West Canadian Sedimentary Basin, WCSB, beginning in Alberta, Canada to refining markets throughout the United States (Slade, 2013). Although first proposed by TransCanada Corporation on February 9th, 2005, actual construction didn’t occur until 2008 due to legal and environmental inspection requirements not being met (Kalen, 2013). The Keystone Pipeline consists of two developments, known as Phase I and Phase II. Phase I was the first to be completed and began full operation during the summer of 2010. It runs across Canada from Alberta to Manitoba and from there it heads south across the U. S. border and into North Dakota. Once into North Dakota, the pipeline continues through South Dakota and finally into Nebraska. At Steele City, Nebraska, the pipeline reaches a junction where it splits in two. In one direction, Phase I of the Keystone Pipeline continues east through Missouri and reaches its final destination at oil refineries in Patoka and Wood River, Illinois. Beginning at the junction in Steele City, Nebraska, is the second completion of the Keystone Pipeline, Phase II. This portion of the Keystone pipeline is also known as the Keystone Cushing Extension. It is a 298 mile long pipeline that runs south from Steele City to Cushing, Oklahoma and began operation late February, 2011(Slade, 2013). Together, Phase I and II of the Keystone pipeline pump an estimated 590,000 barrels per day. At a cost of 5. 2 billion dollars, the Keystone pipeline has had beneficial and detrimental effects on the U. S. Economy on a local and nationwide scale, however with its creation it has improved access to foreign oil and reduced foreign oil transportation cost. Although one can marvel at the transportation capacity and construction of the Keystone Pipeline, it may potentially be surpassed by the capacity and estimated benefits of TransCanada’s newly proposed Keystone XL pipeline addition. Similar to its current counterpart, the operational Keystone Pipeline, the Keystone XL pipeline, also known as the Gulf Coast Extension, is proposed to be constructed in two phases, Phase III and Phase IV. The proposed Phase III project is 485 miles long and will travel from Cushing, Oklahoma to Nederland and Houston Texas. Since it doesn’t cross any international border lines, it can proceed without the approval of the Phase IV project which does cross border lines. Phase IV of the Keystone project is 1,179 miles long and travels from Alberta, Canada, enter the states at Phillips County, Montana, pass through the Dakotas and end at Steele City, Nebraska (Slade, 2013). If constructed and made operational, the Keystone XL project will cost 7. 6 billion dollars, transport 830,000 barrels per day, and create a more direct link between oil refineries in the north and Gulf Coast (Slade, 2013). Since the proposed Keystone XL project crosses multiple states and international borders, the process it must go through to be approved is lengthy and involves many different agencies which must assess and evaluate all aspects of the Pipeline. Due to this lengthy process, TransCanada’s permit application filled in 2008 is projected to be approved or rejected by late 2014 or possibly 2015 according to Christopher E. Smith, an editor for a Journal on the operational schedule of the Keystone Project titled TransCanada delays Keystone XL in-service date to second-half 2015. Some of the questions that the Keystone XL project hopes to answer and have also arisen as a result of its proposal are whether or not lower gas prices will be expected? Will our reliance on oil imports from volatile and unstable nations be reduced? Can we expect the creation of more jobs and seek that those jobs are filled? Are we denying ourselves, as a nation, an inevitable progression towards renewable forms of energy that in addition emit less carbon? What will happen to the Ogallala Aquifer should there be an oil spill? What benefits will arise from the creation of this pipeline? For the remainder of this paper I will seek to answer the majority of these questions, depict the current exposition of the Keystone Gulf Coast Expansion Project, and convey my opinion on the issue after undergoing unbiased analysis. As a proposed project, there are three main arguments that surround the Keystone XL Pipeline project. These arguments in favor of construction and operation of the pipeline are decreased gas prices, stronger national security through reduced foreign oil import dependence, and creation of jobs. In the United States, oil supplies 36 percent of our energy sources and is all so the principal fuel for transportation around the world. Oil in particular fuels around ninety-four percent of our nation’s transportation sector (Petroleum Other Liquids, 2013). This makes oil an important commodity to many nations including our own and the market for oil very competitive between nations as they seek to compete over oil exporters and nations with convenient access to oil reap the economic benefits. Therefore, the pricing of crude oil is controlled by multiple factors; supply, demand, markets, accessibility, and physical balancing. Although the United States holds position as a major consumer of oil, our nation solely alone as minute effects on crude oil cost, even for refineries in our own country. According to an academic journal by Edwin Slade titled, The Keystone Pipeline Addition: Assessing the Potential Benefits of Reduced Gasoline Prices and Increased National Security, U. S. refineries’ crude acquisition cost change with geopolitical events, such as increasing oil demands in foreign countries such as China and those in the Middle East. Keystone supporters argue that by making oil transports more available to our country and to the global market, we impact the cost of crude oil in a more effective way that depends heavily on Keystone exports. Benefits of oil availability can be viewed on a local scale primarily in Midwest. Prior to Keystone operation, Canadian oil imports accumulated in Cushing, Oklahoma, since oil refineries and pipelines are centralized in this area, and resulted in an abundance of excess oil known as the Cushing glut. This resulted in increased domestic production of oil, increased Canadian supply, and decreased gasoline prices (Slade, 2013). The proposed development of the Keystone XL pipeline is strategically placed to access the excess oil refineries of the Cushing glut and distribute this oil to refineries in the Gulf Coast. Refineries in the Gulf Coast are not restricted to a localized market, like Cushing, Oklahoma, and therefore will export productions to the global market according to Brent North Sea and West Texas Intermediate benchmark prices which yield higher profits than mid USA appraisal (Slade, 2013). With further analysis, it is estimated that access created by the Keystone XL Pipeline to the oversupplied, discounted, Canadian heavy crude oil located in the Midwest to the U. S. Gulf Coast markets will increase the price of heavy crude to the equivalent cost of imported crude (Slade, 2013). As a result of the increased price of heavy crude oil on the world oil market, the Canadian producing industry will experience increased annual revenue. So how can we benefit from Canadian industry in terms of reduced gas prices? This claim will be analyzed in deeper context as opposing arguments to gas prices reductions resulting from the Keystone Pipeline are made. Two remaining arguments for production of the Keystone XL Pipeline are increased national security and reduced reliance on oil imports from foreign countries. Both of these arguments go hand in hand as they are a result of one another. Before assessing the benefits the Keystone XL pipeline will make towards national security, we first must review the United States current importation of foreign oil, how the pipeline tends to accomplish reduced foreign dependence, and how reduced foreign dependence may prove beneficial. According to the Energy Information Administration, Saudi Arabia is the leading exporter of oil at 8,168 thousand barrels per day and is also the leading producer of oil. In addition, the Energy Information Administration ranks China and Japan as far second and third place consumers, respectively, to number one consumer, the United States. However, according to graphs depicting trends or oil consumption rate over time, the United States oil consumption has steadily decreased since 2010, relative to the operation of the Keystone Pipeline Phase I and II, and shows increasing oil demands in Latin America, several European countries, and China. These increasingly oil dependent countries are receive the majority of their diesel imports from other countries but Gulf Coast refineries, with the aide of the Keystone XL pipeline, will be able to meet this demand (Slade, 2013). This will attract growing attention towards the supplying capabilities of the Keystone exports at the Gulf Coast on a worldwide scale and the United States plans to take advantage of this as well. In TransCanada’s presidential permit application to approve construction of the Keystone XL pipeline, the argument is made that the pipeline will allow U. S. refiners to substitute foreign crude supply with direct access to a growing crude oil output from Canadian refineries (Congressional Digest, 2013). A study commissioned by the Department of State, known as the Ensys, concluded that increased U. S. imports of Canadian oil will replace other foreign imports. As a result of overseas trade, the U. S. military surveillances potential vulnerabilities to oil supply and nation security such as abroad and domestic terrorist attacks on oil supplies, Venezuelan embargoes, and Iran closing the Straits of Hormuz. In lite that these are only a few examples of threats to foreign oil imports from a growing unpredictable list, geopolitical factors dictate that the U. S. is less vulnerable to disruptions in oil supply from Canada (Slade, 2013). Overall, a substantial increase in our nation’s share of imports from Canada will result in a decrease in share of imports from other â€Å"disruption prone† foreign suppliers and ultimately the vulnerability premium for crude oil imports will decrease. While the benefits of the Keystone Pipeline and proposed Keystone XL pipeline have been established, the counter arguments to the construction of the Keystone project are what caused its 5 year delay of proposal to operation and is currently what halts construction of the Keystone XL pipeline (Kalen, 2013). These arguments are highly prioritized when assessing the approval of the project. The duties of doing so lie under the jurisdiction of the Department of State, NEPA, Hazardous Material Safety Administration, and EPA (Petroleum Other Liquids, 2013). These agencies consider the potential environmental impacts of the entire pipeline along with economic effects before issuing any State, tribal, or Federal licenses, permits, or approvals to the project (Sassman, 2013). In addition to assessments of the pipelines environmental impact made by government agencies, there has been a concerted effort by environmentalists to resist building the pipeline in concern for Americas continued reliance on carbon emitting fossil fuels, reducing contribution factors toward climate change, hazardous methods of oil extraction, and â€Å"inevitable† damage of oil spills. In the U. S. Department of State’s August 26, 2011 Final Environmental Impact Statement, concerns were expressed towards the fragile Sandhills’ soils and the underlying Ogallala aquifer (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). The Ogallala aquifer is one of the worlds largest aquifers covering an area of approximately 174,000 miles and supplying water to 30 percent of irrigation water in the United States and 82 percent of drinking water to the surrounding area. It lies beneath the fragile and pristine Sandhills, which are sub-irrigated meadows that reach areas where water tables are as shallow as 6 meters. The construction of the pipeline through these regions in Nebraska would disturb the Sandhills’ soils and crude oil releases that may occur during the pipelines operation could potentially contaminate large volumes of the Ogallala aquifer (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). One cause of oil leakage through pipeline corrosion is contributed to an acidic component of crude oil known as dilbit. Its corrosive properties are attributed to amounts of toxic chemicals benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, (BTEX), whose aqueous solubility’s in water exceed maximum contamination levels (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). A prime example of the harmful effects can be seen at the Kalamazoo River tributary in Michigan which experienced a 790,000 gallon dilbit release into flowing surface water (Sassman, 2013). Should the Keystone XL project undergo construction and operation it is clear that we risk the environmental preservation of vital resources. This outweighs any benefits proposed by TransCanada and supporters for the pipelines construction. Referring to the arguments in favor of benefits that construction of the Keystone XL pipeline will bring, particularly the promise of lower gas prices, counter arguments show that the pipeline will yield little effect on gas prices. In June 2012, the average price of unleaded regular gasoline rose by 39 percent from 2010 prices of $2. 79 per gallon to $3. 55 per gallon (Sassman, 2013). According to an article titled, The Keystone Pipeline Addition: Assessing the Potential Benefits of Reduced Gasoline Prices and Increased National Security, over the last eleven years, petroleum imports from Canada have rose fifty percent yet gas prices in the United States during the adjacent time period have continued to rise according to fluctuations in the global market. It is a possibility that these imports have acted to stabilize gas prices more so than if the U. S. wasn’t receiving oil imports from Canada at all. Although there are counter arguments against the benefits of the Keystone XL, along with environmental controversy, these counter arguments are in the process of being met in order to meet consumer demands, projected schedule, and licensed approval. In the future proposal for the Keystone XL pipeline, a risk-managed route is suggested that avoids the environmental geographic restrictions that prevented the grant of a presidential permit. The newly proposed route avoids the Ogallala aquifer beneath the Sandhills, avoids surface water crossings in the canyons of northern Holt County located near the Sandhills, and the southeasterly portion of the risk-managed route runs through low cropped irrigated land rather than undeveloped prairies (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). With conflicts and benefits constantly arising and being tested regarding the future of the Keystone XL pipeline, there’s no telling which side is winning or if a suggested solution will ever be agreed on. Such solutions, like the risk-managed route, may lead to a presidential permit to presume construction by 2015. However, until all aspects are taken accounted for, the future of the Keystone XL pipeline still remains undecided.

Management functions free essay sample

INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), formed in 1946, is a dairy cooperative movement in India. It is managed by Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF). AMUL is based in Anand, Gujarat and has been a sterling example of a co-operative organizations success in the long term. The Amul Pattern has established itself as a uniquely appropriate model for rural development. Amul has spurred the White Revolution of India. It is also the worlds biggest vegetarian cheese brand. History: History HISTORY OF THE COMPANY: The story of AMUL inspired ‘ Operation Flood and heralded the White Revolution in India. It began with two village cooperatives and 250 liters of milk per day, nothing but a trickle compared to the flood it has become today. Today Amul collects processes and distributes over a million liters of milk and milk products per day, during the peak, on behalf of more than a thousand village cooperatives owned by half a million farmer members. We will write a custom essay sample on Management functions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amul has become a symbol of the aspirations of millions of farmers; creating a pattern of liberation and self-reliance for every farmer to follow. History: History The ‘ AMUL revolution ’ started as awareness among the farmers grew and matured into a protest movement. Over four decades ago, the life of a farmer in Kaira District was very much like that of his counterpart anywhere else in India. His income was derived almost entirely from seasonal crops. The income from milch buffaloes was undependable. Private traders and middlemen controlled the marketing and distribution system for the milk. As milk is perishable, farmers were compelled to sell it for whatever they were offered. Often, they had to sell cream and ghee at throw away prices. In this situation, the one who gained was the private trader. Gradually, the realization dawned on the farmers that the exploitation by the trader could be checked only if marketed their milk themselves. History: History In order to do that they needed to form some sort of an organization. This realization is what led to the establishment of the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Limited (popularly known as Amul) which was formally registered on December 14, 1946. Currently AMUL has 2. 28 million producer members with milk collection average of 5. 08 million liters/day. Today AMUL is a symbol of many things. (High-quality products sold at reasonable prices, genesis of a vast co-operative network and a proven model for dairy development). The Kaira Union began pasteurizing milk for the Bombay Milk Scheme in June 1948. GCMMF – OverView: GCMMF – OverView GCMMF: Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation . GCMMF is Indias largest food products marketing organization. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. CRISIL, Indias leading Ratings, Research, Risk and Policy Advisory company, has assigned its highest ratings of AAA/Stable/P1+ to the various bank facilities of GCMMF. GCMMF – OverView: GCMMF – OverView GCMMF is a unique organization. Its a body created by Farmers, managed by competent professionals serving a very competitive and challenging consumer market. It is a true testimony of synergistic national development through the practice of modern management methods. Reasons for Success: Reasons for Success Robust Supply Chain The vast and complex supply chain Hierarchical network of cooperatives Stretches from small suppliers to large fragmented markets Low Cost Strategy Amul adopted a low-cost price strategy to make its products affordable and attractive to consumers by guaranteeing them value for money Diverse Product Mix Amul Butter, Milk Powder, Ghee, Amulspray , Cheese, Chocolates, Shrikhand , Ice cream, Nutramul , Milk and Amulya Strong Distribution Network Amul products are available in over 500,000 retail outlets across India through its network of over 3,500 distributors. 47 depots with dry and cold warehouses to buffer inventory of the entire range of products. Technology and e-initiatives New products Process technology Complementary assets to enhance milk production E-commerce. Success!! Facts : Facts Members: 13 district cooperative milk producers Union No. of Producer Members: 2. 79 million No. of Village Societies: 13,328 Total Milk handling capacity: 11. 22 million liters per day Milk collection (Total 2008-09): 3. 05 billion liters Milk collection (Daily Average 2008-09): 8. 4 million liters Milk Drying Capacity: 626 Mts. per day Cattle feed manufacturing Capacity: 3500 Mts. per day Administration: Administration Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), is Indias largest food product marketing organization with annual turnover (2010-11) US$ 2. 2 billion. Its daily milk procurement is approx 12 million lit (peak period) per day from 15,712 village milk cooperative societies, 17 member unions covering 24 districts, and 3 million milk producer members . Management functions: Management functions PLANNING : AMUL has been able to: Produce an appropriate blend of the policy maker’s farmer’s board of management and the professionals: each group appreciating its roles and limitations. Bring at the command of the rural milk producers the best of the technology and harness its fruit for betterment. Provide a support system to the milk producers without disturbing their agro-economic systems. Management functions: Management functions Milk is very perishable product so it has to be consumed within 24 hours. In order to avoid wastage AMUL converts the milk into SNF and milk solids by evaporating the water, which comprises up to 60-70% of milk contents. This is possible only if the distribution channel right from the producer to the consumer is well organized. Last year, they are divided the retail market into 14 specific segments to achieve further distribution efficiency. This year AMUL is focusing on inducting distributers having expertise in servicing such specific market segments. Management functions: Management functions Plough back the profits, by prudent use of men, material and machines, in the rural sector for the common good and betterment of the member producers. Even though, growing with time and on scale, it has remained with the smallest producer members. In that sense, AMUL is an example par excellence, of an intervention for rural change. Management functions: Management functions ORGANISING: AMUL is leaded by the director under him five branches viz. Factory, Marketing, Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Department. Factory department has a separate general manager under him three are six branches viz. Production, Stores, Distribution, Cold Storage, Quality, and Deep-freezing. This department takes care of the factory work. Management functions: Management functions Marketing department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is regional manager. This department takes care of the marketing aspects of AMUL. Account department takes care regarding accounts i. e , day-to-day work. Under the accountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the purchase of raw materials and many other things. Management functions: Management functions STAFFING: Staffing is a process which includes recruitment, selection, training, placement, appraisal, promotion, and career planning. In larger organizations, a separate department called Personnel Department looks after these functions and this is headed by a qualified professional manager called Personnel Manager . Organization structure: Organization structure The Organization Structure of Amul is divided into two parts: External Organization Structure. Internal Organization Structure. Organization structure: Organization structure State Level Marketing Federation District Milk Product Union Ltd. Village Milk Product Union Ltd. Villagers The Following is the External Organization Structure of Amul: Organization structure: Organization structure External Organization Structure: External organization structure is the organizational structure that effects the organization from the outside. GCMMF is unit of Gujarat Milk Marketing Federation, which is a co-operative organization. The villagers of more than 10,000 villages of Gujarat are the bases of this structure. Organization structure: Organization structure External Organization Structure: They all make milk village milk producers union, district level milk producers union and then a state level marketing federation is established. The structure is Line Relationship , which provides easy way to operation. It also provides better communication between two stages. Organization structure: Organization structure The Following is the Internal Organization Structure of Amul : Chairman Managing Director General Manager Asst. General Manager Finance Department Personnel Department Production Department Marketing Department S P Department Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: A systematic well-defined organizational structure plays a vital role provides accurate information to the Top- Level Management. An organization Structure defines a clear-cut line of authorities responsibilities among the employees of GCMMF. The Organization structure of AMUL is well-arranged structure. At a glance a person can completely come to know about the organization structure. Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: AMUL is leaded by the director under him five branch Viz. , Factory, Marketing, Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Departments. Factory department has a separate general manager under him there are six branches viz. , production, stores, distribution, cold storage, quality, and deep freezing. This department takes care of the factory work. Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: Marketing Department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is a regional manager. This department takes care of the marketing aspects of AMUL. Accounts department takes care regarding accounts i. e. day-to-day work. Under the accountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the purchase of raw material and many other things. Plant layout: Plant layout Plant layout is the overall arrangement of the machine tools, handling equipments, storeroom and other various accessories required for facilitating production in a factory. These arrangements are pre-planned with the results that the building has been constructed to fit a layout of a given process. AMUL plant is indigenously worked out with facilitation of various production processes and production of multi products under one plant. The total plot is nearly about 2. 27 kms . Separate buildings are provided with required arrangements of machine tools handling and computers connection through the control room to fit for varying product-manufacturing departments. Plant layout: Plant layout The plant is engaged in producing milk, ice creams, milk powder and ghee. Entire department is uniquely provided with facilities for the processing each product. There are 4 production departments and packaging departments pertaining to each product respectively. Thus, plant layout encompasses all production and service facilities and provides for the most effective utilization of the men, materials and machines constituting the process. It is the master blue print of coordinating all operations . Plant layout: Plant layout First Plant, is at Anand, which engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk power, flavored milk, and butter milk . There are Four Plants of Amul located in India : Plant layout: Plant layout Second Plant, is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, nutrAMUL , AMUL Ganthia and AMUL lite . Plant layout: Plant layout Third Plant, is at KANJARI, Which produces cattle feed. Fourth Plant, is at KHATRAJ, which engaged in producing cheese. Production operational Management : Production operational Management INTRODUCTION: â€Å"Production management is refers to the process of correction of past mistakes catching up with the new techniques, taking up steps with developing techniques and taking measures for the production of goods at competitive cost. † The basic philosophy of production management is to launch a frontal attack on direct costs and effective use the availability manpower weaving new techniques in to the whole to keep the production unit efficient and developing production management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Production operational Management : Production operational Management The Amul is started with only 250 liters of milk per day. But now Amul collect average 9 lakhs of liters milk per day. At the initial stage, Amul has not any problem regarding milk, but in the winter season there was excess supply of milk. So, Amul has to sell out that excess milk at the low price or Amul has to face loss. To removing these problems Amul take decision to set up a plant to process the surplus milk butter and milk powder . Production operational Management : Production operational Management The Amul has three plants Known as Amul 1, 2 3 all three plant work 24hours a day continuously. The all manufacturing process is done automatically. The production is done in the special machines. These machines and the technology are import-id from the TRFTA PEAK Company. There is also facility of chilling of milk, so that the milk remains usable. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Three plant of AMUL perform different functions: AMUL–1 Presently it is use as a go down for storing raw materials. AMUL–2 In this unit, the production process of Ghee and packings are running. AMUL–3 This unit is producing AMUL butter, spray power, and flavored milk. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Milk Collection Cycle: The success of each and every dairy industry is the getting the milk from the farmers and making that milk in use as soon as possible before that milk get spoiled because the milk is the perishable product. For the smooth running the business of dairy industry the industry must concentrate on the milk collection cycle. Amul dairy is very conscious about the milk collection cycle because the base of the success of the Amul is milk collection cycle. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Production capacity of Amul: Butter 50 to 60 Tones. Powder plant 70 tones. Powder plant 60 tones. Flavour milk 40000 bottles. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Amul – 2 Raw Reception Dock: Reception dock is the very first department of any dairy where milk is unloaded and simultaneously tested . Amul-2 has a well designed RMRD , situated in the west wing of dairy . Raw milk at Amul- 2 is received mainly through cans . There are 2 reception lines for unloading milk cans in Amul – 2 . About 60 % of reception is of buffalo milk and remaining 40% is cow milk. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Butter section: The utterly Butterly Delicious butter of the Amul is one of the most popular product of Amul dairy along with the famous butter girl. The butter section is located in Amul -3which manufactures Table Butter, white butter and renduced salt butter. The section is completely computer controlled and is equipped with most modern imported equipments . Butter section very important as it handles fat, which is the costliest constituent. The cream obtained from process section is fully utilized for butter making . Amul white and table Butter is exported to USA and various Middle Eastern countries. Production operational Management : Production operational Management OPERATION: The cream for manufacturing Butter is receiving from Amul-3 process section while standardization of milk. In Amul -3 the milk fat will be separated at above 60 Celsius, the centrifugal separators inline with Milk pasteurizer separate this as cream. The cream thus separated is pasteurized and then pumped to the cream buffer tanks and to cream silo. After ageing at 8 Celsius for 24 hrs, cream is pumped to cream chilling unit in the butter section. There the temperature of cream is adjusted to the required churning temperature of continuous Butter Making Machine. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Packing materials used: Delocalize market Double laminated is used for export. Tin – used for 400g Army pack Card board box- used for tertiary packing 3ply for 9. 1 g weight package 5ply for normal export Production operational Management : Production operational Management Powder plant: F-35 plant is situated in Amul -2 near to the railway siding . The plant is a single stage drying plant having a capacity of 35 TDP. The plant is not in regular use and mainly used for the manufacturing of cheese whey powder . F-35 CONDENSING PLANT DETAILS: Make : SSP ,Faridabad. Type : Falling film vertical tube type. No of Pre heater : 5. No of calendria : 7. No of vapor separators : 5. Production operational Management : Production operational Management OPERATION DETAIL: MILK : One of the most versatile food consumed by us. All children start their with mother’s milk and continue to use it in one other throughout their life. It is the secretion from the mammary glands of a lactating mammal. The white fluid, know as milk, is made up of milk fat and other milk solids . MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR MILK : MILK PROCUREMENT: Total milk procurement by our Member Unions during the year 2006-07 averaged 67. 25lakh kilograms (6. 7million kg) per day, representing a growth of 4. 5 per cent over Production operational Management : Production operational Management 64. 38lakh kilograms (6. 4 million kg) per day achieved during 2005-06. The highest procurement as usual was recorded during January 2007 at 84. 09 lakh kilograms (8. 4million kg) per day. This increase in milk procurement is very impressive, keeping in mind the massive loss suffered by our farmers due to floods during the monsoon season, specially in Surat district. Production operational Management : Production operational Management MILK PROCESSING: Homogenization: Milk must then be homogenized. Without homogenization, the milk fat would separate from the milk and rise to the top. Milk fat is what gives milk its rich and creamy taste. In this process Milk is transferred to a piece of equipment called a homogenizer. In this machine the milk fat is forced, under high pressure through tiny holes. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Pasteurization: Pasteurization is the process that purifies milk and helps it stay fresher, longer. Milk is pasteurized by heating it to 72 °C for 16 seconds then quickly cooling it to 4 °C. Pasteurization is named after Louis Pasteur, the famous scientist. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Adding Vitamins: Before homogenization, vitamin D is added to all milk. Vitamin D combined with the calcium that naturally exists in milk help gives us strong bones and teeth. Dairies also add Vitamin A to skim, 1% and 2% milk. Vitamin A is good for our eyesight. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Packaging Milk: Milk is now ready to be packaged. Milk is pumped through automatic filling machines direct into bags, cartons and jugs. The machines are carefully sanitized and packages are filled and sealed without human hands. During the entire time that milk is at the dairy, it is kept at 1 ° 2 °C. This prevents the development of extra bacteria and keeps the milk it’s freshest. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Storing: Milk is delivered to grocery stores, convenience stores and restaurants in refrigerated trucks that keep milk cooled to 1 ° 4 °C. The stores take their milk and immediately place it in their refrigerated storage area. Because fresh milk is so important to our diets, dairies, and our health. Quality movement: Quality movement Quality Policy : The motivated and devoted work-force of AMUL- are committed to produce wholesome and safe foods of excellent quality to remain market leader through deployment of quality management systems, state-of-art-technology, innovation and eco-friendly operations to achieve delightment of customers and betterment of milk producers. Quality movement. : Quality movement. Quality of Life: Assured market for their milk and daily income round the year from milk has improved the quality of life of farmers. The role village dairy co-operative societies in the over all development of the villages have brought better social infrastructures in the villages such as roads, communication system, schools, health centers, water facilities, banks etc. Marketing : Marketing Concept: The marketing concept holds the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets. Marketing starts with the determination of consumer wants and ends with the satisfaction of those wants. The concept says that any business should be organization around the marketing function, aningticipating and stimulating and meeting customers need. The marketing concept rests on four pillars and they are: 1. Target market. 2. Customer needs. 3. Integrated marketing. 4. Profitability. Marketing : Marketing AMUL has also its own marketing concept. AMUL targets all type of customers like babies, children, young customers and old age customers etc. Amul try best for satisfying needs by providing good quality products. Marketing : Marketing Marketing Mix: The marketing mix, which is set of four elements or four â€Å"P† of marketing are as follow: Product Price Place Promotion Same as four â€Å"P† there is also four â€Å"C† of marketing. Customer solution Cost Convenience Communication Marketing : Marketing PRODUCT: A product is anything that satisfies needs or wants and can be offered to the market for exchange. A product can be a goods, services without product there is no marketing . This includes product variety, product design, packaging, quality, brand name, size etc. AMUL produces and sell i. e. Milk, It has to plan its product very carefully so that the consumer gets only good quality products. There are various products marketed by GCMMF. Marketing : Marketing List of products marketed: Bread spread Amul butter. Amul Lite Low bread spread. Amul cooking butter. Cheese range Amul Malai panner (cottage cheese). Amul pasteurized processed cheese. Amul pizza cheese. Amul Emmiatial cheese. Marketing : Marketing UHI Milk Range Amul shakti 3% fat milk. Amul Taaza 1. 5% fat milk. Amul Gold 4. 5% fat milk. Amul fresh Toned milk. Amul snowcap soft milk. Pure ghee Amul pure ghee. Amul cow ghee. Sagar pure ghee. Marketing : Marketing Infant milk Range Amul infant milk formula (0. 6 millions). Amul infant milk formular . Amul spray infant milk food. Milk powder. Amul full cream milk powder . Curd products Yogi sweetened flavored dahi . Amul Lassee . Amul masti Dahi . Marketing : Marketing Price : The prices of products of Amul are also decided by the GCMMF. The GCMMF conducts the market survey to check the validity and feasibility of prices in the market and accordingly decides the prices of Amul products. The price of the products of Amul are also decided by the GCMMF . The GCMMF conducts the market survey to check the validity and feasibility of prices in the market and accordingly decides the price of Amul products . However, the price is inclusive of several elements like: Cost of milk. Labour cost. Processing cost. Packaging cost. Advertising cost. Transportation cost. Sales promotion cost. Taxes etc. The GCMMF considers all this cost. Aspects and set them up in pricing structure to decide the selling price of milk and milk products. Marketing : Marketing Promotion: IT includes a variety of techniques including advertisement, sale promotion, public relations and personal selling that are used to communicate with customers and potential customers. Television is the best media for advertising in the local areas . Hoardings designed on the creative basis attract the customers more. Marketing : Marketing Place: Place refers to marketing activities that make products available to consumers at the right time in a convenient location. Place refers as distribution Channels . IT is the process of moving products from the producer the consumer. Amul has developed federation and Amul parlours located in several parts of country. Amul have managed to create more than 2300. Amul have identified certain potential locations such as Railway, Airports, universities, and shopping malls. The GCMMF handles the workers relating to Managing of stocks and distributors to in the country. Thus GCMMF looks offer the disbursement of products to the various Marketing channels. Marketing : Marketing Market segmentation: Any commodity has not a single Market. But it has a composite Market which can be divided on the basis of age, gender, preferences etc. The process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers is called market segmentation. Market segmentation may be defined as a process of dividing a Market into different sub- markets on the basis of some definite criteria . At Amul, since marketing activities are handle by the GCMMF, market segmentation is also decided by GCMMF. Generally, Milk products like Butter, cheese are also popular in the all age group. Hence they are segments at the national level. Milk products like chocolates and milk powder are segmented on the basis of age. The GCMMF conduct the market survey to know demand for the products of Amul in the Market and then accordingly determines the market segments, defines the target market. Customer Based Market Segmentation: Customer Based Market Segmentation Kids Women Calorie Conscious Health Conscious Youth Amul Kool Chocolate Milk Nutramul Energy Drink Amul Kool Millk Shaake Amul Calci + Utterly Delicious Pizza Amul Emmental Cheese Amul Cheese Spreadsv Amul Lite Sagar Skimmed Milk Powder Amul Lite Slim and Trim Milk Nutramul Amul Shakti Health Food Drink Industry Based Market Segmentation: Industry Based Market Segmentation Milk Butter/Cheese/Ghee Ice-cream Manufacturers Restaurant/Food Chains Temples Bakery Confectionaries Pizza Retailers Snacks Retailers Coffee Shop Chains Marketing: Marketing PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE STAGES: A product passes through distinct stages during its life in market, each posing different challenges, opportunities and problems . Profits rise and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. There are four different stages of product life cycle, namely: 1. INTRODUCTION STAGE. 2. GROWTH STAGE. 3. MATURITY STAGE. 4. DECLINE STAGE. Marketing: Marketing Different products of AMUL are in different stages in the product life cycle. Products like milk, butter, chocolate and cheese are in the maturity stage, while ice-creams, chocolates and shrikhand are still in the growth stage. On the other hand, products like milk powders, infant food, frozen food items and mix are in introduction stage. The company adopts aggressive selling techniques for those products which are in the introductory stage, while very less promotional programmes are carried out for those products which are in the growth or maturity stage. Marketing : Marketing MARKETING GCMMF: GCMMF is India’s largest exporter of dairy products. It has been awarded as a â€Å"Trading House† status. GCMMF has received the APEDA award from the government of India for Excellence in dairy products Exports for the last 11 years. GCMMF is India’s largest food products Marketing Organization. It is a state level apex body of milk co-operatives in the Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Marketing : Marketing Marketing Research: â€Å"Marketing Research is the systematic design collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation of the company. † Amul performs the marketing research mainly to launch a new products in the market. The purpose is of checking the validity of the new products in the market for the local new. Amul conducts the market survey by appointing business administration students for conducting the market survey. Extending policy of the new product launched, Amul has recently launched the energy drink named â€Å"STAMINA† specially targeted to the people who are playing sports daily. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Introduction : According to SCOOT CLOTHIER AND SPRIGGEL Human resource management as the branch of management which is responsible on a staff basis for concentrating on those aspects of relationship of management to employees and employees to employees and with the development of the individual and the group. The objective is to attain maximum individual between employer and employees and effective moulding of human resources as contrasted with physical resources. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Personal (Human resource) management plays a very important role for any organization. The firm having all types of resources like machines, materials, money, information etc. will not be success in business without effective manpower. Human capital is the greatest assets of business enterprise and manpower management is the most important and crucial job because the managing group is the heart of the company. Human resource department plays most important role in establishing good relation and harmony among all. Human resource Management: Human resource Management MAJOR FUNCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPATMENT: 1. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION. 2. TRAINING AND DEVLOPMEN. 3. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL. 4. SALARY AND WAGE ADMINISTION. 5. EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. 6. COMPENSATION. 7. INDUSTRIAL RELATION. 8. FACTORE ACT. 9. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT. 10. HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HRIS). Human resource Management: Human resource Management RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONRECRUITMENT: There are two types of Recruitment sources followed by Amul: EXTERNAL SOURCES. INTERNAL SOURCES. INTERNAL SOURCES: Internal sources include personnel already on the payroll of the organization. Present Permanent Employees. Employee Referrals Former Employee EXTERNAL SOURCES: These sources lie outside the organization. In AMUL they consider following sources of recruitment. Campus Interview Unsolicited Application. Application Blank. Placement Agencies. Human resource Management: Human resource Management RECRUTMENT POLICY OF AMUL: Entry level qualification: Below officers cadres: S. S. C / H. S. C Attendant Operator – Dairy (AOD) – G Gr. Worker. Taken as apprentice under trade apprentice Act 1961 2/3 yrs Apprenticeship, then based on their appraisal report, selected as temporary worker. After total 5yrs of work, may be selected as G-Grade Worker. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Professional Qualification E/F Grade Worker (Boiler Attendant). BA / B. COM / M. COM / M. A (general) MSW / MRM /MRS M. E_Biz of Gujarat vidyapeeth and C Grade Worker similar Non – University Institutions. B. Sc / M. Sc / Diploma Engineers B Grade workers. Apprenticeship Lab assistant for 1yr 3 months for B. SC M. SC; 1yr for Diploma Engg. Then 2/3 yrs as trainee technician, than based on appraisal Appointed as Technician B Grade. Human resource Management: Human resource Management BBA Management Trainee for 1yrs Jr. Assistant. (a) M. SC ( Agriculture ) /MRS /MRM /MSW /MLW/MBA/ B. Tech (DT ) / MCA / M. E –Biz. ( From recognized University ) 1 yr as a trainee then appointed as senior officer. b) Inter CA /Inter ICWA / BE 1 yr as training period, then appointed as Dy. Sup. Deputy Superintendent (c) CA/ICWA Superintendent NO training period, direct appointment. However,

Free Essays on The First Measured Century

The First Measured Century The television documentary â€Å"The First Measured Century,† illustrated trends in America, during the 20th century. The movie reflected the slow refinement towards equality towards minorities’ and women’s rights as well as roles in society. The narrator has a monotone distracting voice and mood that forced the audience into a daydream. Overall the movie tried to produce the facts of the book with about the same time it would of took to read the book. The movie showed the increasing abolishment of discrimination against minorities and women. The movie also illustrated how much we worked, when we worked, what we worked for, and what we bought with our money. The movie displayed how women worked in factories during World War II, which changed the role of women’s work from homemaker to factory-worker. Blacks and Hispanics found job opportunities increase, as the century grew older. The movie revealed how the Great Depression and World War II shaped the remaining century because it was the most influential turning point in the century itself. The movie was fine at showing the facts in illustrated charts and tables that were easy to read and understand, but the movie failed to bring the audience into the movie to really enjoy it. The first mistake the movie made was the selection of the narrator. He left the audience in a lackluster mood with minor concentration in the meaning of the movie. His monotone voice led to my dismissal of attentiveness of the significance that the movie portrayed. The movie should of used motion pictures instead of the slide-show presentation. This would have invited the viewers to experience the past personally. The movie needed better editing because it covered more information than it had time for. It tried to provide all the facts and trends that the book covered. Unfortunately it made the movie extensive and tiresome. A wise investment ... Free Essays on The First Measured Century Free Essays on The First Measured Century The First Measured Century The television documentary â€Å"The First Measured Century,† illustrated trends in America, during the 20th century. The movie reflected the slow refinement towards equality towards minorities’ and women’s rights as well as roles in society. The narrator has a monotone distracting voice and mood that forced the audience into a daydream. Overall the movie tried to produce the facts of the book with about the same time it would of took to read the book. The movie showed the increasing abolishment of discrimination against minorities and women. The movie also illustrated how much we worked, when we worked, what we worked for, and what we bought with our money. The movie displayed how women worked in factories during World War II, which changed the role of women’s work from homemaker to factory-worker. Blacks and Hispanics found job opportunities increase, as the century grew older. The movie revealed how the Great Depression and World War II shaped the remaining century because it was the most influential turning point in the century itself. The movie was fine at showing the facts in illustrated charts and tables that were easy to read and understand, but the movie failed to bring the audience into the movie to really enjoy it. The first mistake the movie made was the selection of the narrator. He left the audience in a lackluster mood with minor concentration in the meaning of the movie. His monotone voice led to my dismissal of attentiveness of the significance that the movie portrayed. The movie should of used motion pictures instead of the slide-show presentation. This would have invited the viewers to experience the past personally. The movie needed better editing because it covered more information than it had time for. It tried to provide all the facts and trends that the book covered. Unfortunately it made the movie extensive and tiresome. A wise investment ...

8 Classic Storm Poems

8 Classic Storm Poems Poets love stormy weather. The powers of the natural world revealed in a tempest can be shocking, terrifying and destructive, but they are also awe-inspiring, exhilarating, and metaphorically rich- a perfect source of poetic inspiration. Here we’ve selected a few classic poems describing or inspired by storms. Attune yourself to the natural havoc outdoors by reading them while you’re safely sheltering inside from a storm, perhaps, or declaim them to the sky outside after the storm has passed. William Shakespeare, Storm speech on the heath from King Lear (1623)William Cullen Bryant, â€Å"The Hurricane† (1854)Walt Whitman, â€Å"Proud Music of the Storm† (from Leaves of Grass, 1900 edition)Algernon Charles Swinburne, â€Å"A Channel Passage† (1904)Amy Lowell, â€Å"Storm-Racked† (1914)Robert Frost, â€Å"A Line-Storm Song† (1915)Siegfried Sassoon, â€Å"Storm and Sunlight† (1918)Jean Toomer, â€Å"Storm Ending† (1922)

Organisational Behaviour Information and Objectives Essay

Organisational Behaviour Information and Objectives - Essay Example The results are well analyzed and there is a conclusion at the end of the report. We made this study in small groups of 127 participants so as to establish the relationship between trust, monitoring and performance in teamwork. The participants were required to use the questionnaire to answer a few questions on how they feel while undertaking a group assignment. The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between trust, monitoring and performance in teamwork which replicates the one undertaken by Langfred (2004). The hypotheses that were to be tested during the study were:- The questionnaires were supplied to the participants and they were expected to fill them individually according to their opinion on trust, monitoring and performance in teamwork. The summary of the questionnaires is analyzed in Table 1 below. External measures of performance (peer review) will be negatively related to individual autonomy hypothesis predicts that there is a negative, nonlinear relationship since it indicated a negative relationship. This indicates that there is negative relationship between trust and monitoring. The first step is to establish the relationship between trust and performance in the absence of monitoring in the same manner that monitoring and autonomy should interact to influence performance... 9 I knew I could count on the other team members 10 The other team members knew that they could count on me 11 I trusted all of the other team members 12 This team completed its work on time 13 Team members solved their problems quickly 14 The quality of the work done by this team developed continuously For your Individual Autonomy score, add items 1, 2 and 3. Individual Autonomy (IA) score ________ For your Monitoring score, add items 4, 5, 6 and 7. Monitoring (M) score ________ For your Trust score, add items 8, 9, 10 and 11. Trust (T) score ________ For your Internal Group Performance score, add items 12, 13 and 14. Internal Group Performance (IGP) score ________ Material The above sample of the questionnaire and a pen were supplied to the 127 participants during the study. Procedure The participants were told the purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between trust, monitoring and performance in teamwork. The questionnaires were supplied to the participants and they were expected to fill them individually according to their opinion on trust, monitoring and performance in teamwork. The summary of the questionnaires is analyzed in Table 1 below. Results External measures of performance (peer review) will be negatively related to individual autonomy hypothesis predicts that there is a negative, nonlinear relationship since it indicated a negative relationship. This indicates that there is negative relationship between trust and monitoring. The first step is to establish the relationship between trust and performance in the absence of monitoring in the same manner that monitoring and autonomy should interact to influence performance, trust and

Cessnas Logistics System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cessnas Logistics System - Essay Example The process would speed up based on the moods and temperaments of the people involved. It was enthusiasm and cheerleading that drove the supply chain management process, and such could not continue or survive changes in management, not to say that such an antiquated, "boss-centric" way of working would undermine the company's competitiveness in this "modern" age when speed, quality, and devotion to customer satisfaction are what determine the survival of a "modern" corporation. Katzorke realized that the system had to change into one that he called "more rational", i.e., one attuned to the more "modern" way of management that was based on clear goals and the alignment of the efforts of all involved with and towards these goals. This is in contrast with the "traditional" or old-fashioned system whereby following the rules of the game, such as typing up requisition forms, filling them, ordering, producing, delivery, testing, reworking, etc. follow a slow process of iteration that takes time and costs money. Recognizing, at all levels of Cessna's organization, that the business world has changed was the first help that these tools and practices gave the company. Without such admission to change, Cessna would not have embraced the 21 tools and practices of change. Although it was only hinted towards the end of the case, Katzorke must have used the language of money - cost reductions and higher profits - that, fortunately, is timeless and easily understood by everyone in the company. The 21 tools had one over-all goal, which was to rationalize supply chain management, and four objectives or steps that lead to it: driving the best possible supply-based rationalization decisions, accelerating the supply-base rationalization process, improving suppliers' performance, and integrating key suppliers with the company's critical business, manufacturing, and design processes. The first objective meant that the company had to find the best way to change the supply chain management (SCM) system. This it did by outlining clear targets for the whole company and for the SCM system, communicating these simply and clearly to the whole company (using the catchy slogan Cessna 20/20), and securing total buy-in from everyone. This was an important step when effecting change, because unless total agreement is secured, the work of getting things done will slow down, perhaps remain unattained, or even worse, reverse its course once the idea's champion leaves the scene. The use of benchmarking with the Baldridge helped the process along, as it linked the change effort with the image of improving quality and focusing on total customer satisfaction. And to guard against complacency and laziness, stretch goals were set. These were ambitious targets that posed a challenge to everyone to do their best and in a way that was consistent with the objective of giving all of one's efforts. This reminded both workers and suppliers that Cessna wants to build the best planes and that this would be possible only if everyone did their best. There was no room for slackening and third-rate efforts here. The second objective was to accelerate or speed up the process. Having high goals and ambitious targets are good, but if no one lights a fire underneath everyone, those same high goals would be nice to look at and

Best Day Essay Example for Free

Best Day Essay Have you ever felt the emotion when you are going to see your favorite band or singer alive in a concert. This happened to me when I went to Sofia last year to see one of my favorite singers Enrique Iglesias. It was fantastic experience that I will never forget. The day was near, it was ten days befor the concert, and every day I asked my father for permission and money. One day he finally said â€Å"yes†, and he gave me the money. He told me that it was the gift for my birthday. I was so happy and immediately called my friend to tell her about the news. The next day we bought our tickets and we were waiting for the big day.We couldn’t believe that we would be in the most waited concert on September 29th , we never thought that in few hours, we would sing all the song of our favorite singer. When we arrived,we sat in the chairs, and we were waiting for Enrique. The lights turned off and all the auditory screamed like they were crazy. The orchestra began to play one of my favorite songs. The best singer appeared in the scene. That moment was so awesome and exciting for me, and everyone was all of the songs. In conclusion, I will tell tha, the concert was a big experience for me and I was so happy. At the end, we bought some souvenirs from the concert, like a shirt, some posters and a cup. The concert finished at 12 p.m. and we came back to our town with an experience that I will never forget. I will remember this moment as if it had been yesterday.

Essay --

In the novel Lord of the Flies, one of the main characters Jack Merridew is said to represent the instinct of savagery, violence, the desire for authority and evil. In the beginning of the novel, Jack desires power and authority over all things. Jack also retained a sense of moral politeness and behavior that society instilled in him. But soon, Jack becomes obsessed with hunting and devotes himself to the task, becoming very atavistic or animal like. As the novel continues, Jack becomes more savage, strengthening his ability to lead the group. Jack’s thirst for authority and violence are closely connected as both characteristics allow him to feel powerful. By the end of the novel, Jack has discovered that the boys’ fear of the beast is useful in controlling their behavior. Over the course of the boys’ time on the island, Jack’s behavior has experienced a significant transformation due to lack of civilization, primitive acts and cruelty towards others. One of the major developments in Jack’s behavior during his time on the island was loosing touch of the civilized world. In the beginning of the novel, Jack gives off the impression that he is willing to consent with the group before making any decisions. He does this in such ways as allowing the group of boys to elect either Ralph or himself as chief, and rationalizes with Ralph to settle any disputes. As Lord of the Flies continues, Jack creates difficulties for the boys, many of which would not be accepted in civilization. For example, in chapter 10 Jack attacks the hut Ralph and Piggy were sleeping in and steals Piggy’s glasses in order to kindle a fire on his side of the island. Golding writes â€Å"He was a chief now in truth; and he made†¦ From his left hand dangled Piggy’s broken... ...s to keep watch of it, so it wouldn’t go out. Jack also presents acts of cruelty in chapters 10 and 11 when Jack orders his savages to tie up and capture Wilfred, Sam and Eric so Jack can beat them assimilating irresponsible authority. Jack’s constant beatings and cruelty towards the other boys in the group has advanced throughout the novel, going from name calling and mocking to physically beating and killing. In summation, Jack Merridew’s desire for authority, power and violence overcame his knowledge of civilization throughout William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies. Jack’s transformations were built off of his lack of civilization, primitive acts and ruthlessness towards others. Jack represented a dictatorship and evil on the island. Jack’s behavior changes were not for the better, but for the worst, bringing out the worst in him, as well as the other boys.

Mcdonalds 10k

Morningstar ® DocumentResearchS Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 FORM 10-K FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 OR ? TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period fromto Commission File Number 1-5231 McDONALD’S CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) One McDonald’s Plaza Oak Brook, Illinois (Address of principal executive offices) 36-2361282 (I. R. S. Employer Identification No. ) 60523 (Zip code) Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (630) 623-3000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common stock, $. 01 par value Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ? Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Act. Yes ? No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx No? Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T ( §232. 05 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ? Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorpora ted by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of â€Å"large accelerated filer,† â€Å"accelerated filer† and â€Å"smaller reporting company† in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer xAccelerated filer ? Non-accelerated filer ? (do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting company ? Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ? No x The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2010 was $70,073,280,631. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of January 31, 2011 was 1,043,298,941. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates information by reference from the registrant’s 2011 definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after December 31, 2010. Source: MCDONALDS CORP, 10-K, February 25, 2011Powered by Morningstar  ® Document ResearchSM Table of Contents Part I. Part II. Part III. Part IV. McDONALD’S CORPORATION INDEX Page Reference Item 1Business1 Item 1A Item 1B Item 2Properties6 Risk Factors and Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements3 Unresolved Staff Comments5 Item 3 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 7A Item 8 Item 9 Item 9A Item 9B Item 10 Item 11 Item 12 Item 13 Item 14 Item 15 Legal Proceedings6 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities7 Selected Financial Data9 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations10 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk27 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data27 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure48 Controls and Procedures48 Other Information48 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance48 Executive Compensation48 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters48 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence49 Principal Accountant Fees and Services49 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules49 52 53 Signatures Exhibits All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners and are used with permission. Source: MCDONALDS CORP, 10-K, February 25, 2011Powered by Morningstar  ® Document ResearchSM Table of Contents PART I ITEM 1. Business McDonald’s Corporation, the registrant, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to herein as the â€Å"Company. † a. General development of business During 2010, there have been no material changes to the Company’s corporate structure or in its method of conducting business. In 2010, the Company has continued the process it began in 2005 to realign certain subsidiaries to develop a corporate structure within its geographic segments that better reflects the operation of the McDonald’s worldwide business. . Financial information about segments Segment data for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 are included in Part II, Item 8, page 40 of this Form 10-K. c. Narrative description of business †¢ General The Company franchises and operates McDonald’s restaurants in the global restaurant industry. These restaurants serve a varied, yet limited, value-priced menu (see Products) in more than 100 countries around the world. All restaurants are operated either by the Company or by franchisees, including conventional franchisees under franchise arrangements, and foreign affiliated markets and developmental licensees under license agreements. The Company’s operations are designed to assure consistency and high quality at every restaurant. When granting franchises or licenses, the Company is selective and generally is not in the practice of franchising to passive investors. Under the conventional franchise arrangement, franchisees provide a portion of the capital required by initially investing in the equipment, signs, seating and de? cor of their restaurant businesses, and by reinvesting in the business over time. The Company owns the land and building or secures long-term leases for both Company-operated and conventional franchised restaurant sites. In certain circumstances, the Company participates in reinvestment for conventional franchised restaurants. A discussion regarding site selection is included in Part I, Item 2, page 6 of this Form 10-K. Conventional franchisees contribute to the Company’s revenue stream through the payment of rent and royalties based upon a percent of sales, with specified minimum rent payments, along with initial fees received upon the opening of a new restaurant or the granting of a new franchise term. The conventional franchise arrangement typically lasts 20 years, and franchising practices are generally consistent throughout the world. Over 70% of franchised restaurants operate under conventional franchise arrangements. The Company has an equity investment in a limited number of foreign affiliated markets, referred to as affiliates. The largest of these affiliates is Japan, where there are more than 3,300 restaurants. The Company receives a royalty based on a percent of sales in these markets. Under a developmental license arrangement, licensees provide capital for the entire business, including the real estate interest. While the Company has no capital invested, it receives a royalty based on a percent of sales, as well as initial fees. The largest of these developmental license arrangements operates more than 1,750 restaurants across 18 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Company and its franchisees purchase food, packaging, equipment and other goods from numerous independent suppliers. The Company has established and strictly enforces high quality standards and product specifications. The Company has quality assurance labs around the world to ensure that its high standards are consistently met. The quality assurance process not only involves ongoing product reviews, but also on-site inspections of suppliers’ facilities. A quality assurance board, composed of the Company’s technical, safety and supply chain specialists, provides strategic global leadership for all aspects of food quality and safety. In addition, the Company works closely with suppliers to encourage innovation, assure best practices and drive continuous improvement. Leveraging scale, supply chain infrastructure and risk management strategies, the Company also collaborates with suppliers toward a goal of achieving competitive, predictable food and paper costs over the long term. Independently owned and operated distribution centers, approved by the Company, distribute products and supplies to most McDonald’s restaurants. In addition, restaurant personnel are trained in the proper storage, handling and preparation of products and in the delivery of customer service. McDonald’s global brand is well known. Marketing, promotional and public relations activities are designed to promote McDonald’s brand image and differentiate the Company from competitors. Marketing and promotional efforts focus on value, food taste, menu choice and the customer experience. The Company continuously endeavors to improve its social responsibility and environmental practices to achieve long-term sustainability, which benefits McDonald’s and the communities it serves. The Company has disposed of non-McDonald’s restaurant businesses to concentrate resources on its core business. In February 2009, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in Redbox Automated Retail, LLC, and in April 2008, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in U. K. -based Pret A Manger. †¢Products McDonald’s restaurants offer a substantially uniform menu, although there are geographic variations to suit local consumer preferences and tastes. In addition, McDonald’s tests new products on an ongoing basis. McDonald’s menu includes hamburgers and cheeseburgers, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Filet-O-Fish, several chicken sandwiches, Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, Snack Wraps, french fries, salads, shakes, McFlurry desserts, sundaes, soft serve cones, pies, cookies, soft drinks, coffee, McCafe? beverages and other beverages. In addition, the restaurants sell a variety of other products during limited-time promotions. McDonald’s restaurants in the U. S. and many international markets offer a full or limited breakfast menu. Breakfast offerings may include Egg McMuffin, Sausage McMuffin with Egg, McGriddles, biscuit and bagel sandwiches and hotcakes. Source: MCDONALDS CORP, 10-K, February 25, 2011Powered by Morningstar  ® Document ResearchSM Table of Contents †¢Intellectual property The Company owns or is licensed to use valuable intellectual property including trademarks, service marks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary information. T he Company considers the trademarks â€Å"McDonald’s† and â€Å"The Golden Arches Logo† to be of material importance to its business. Depending on the jurisdiction, trademarks and service marks generally are valid as long as they are used and/or registered. Patents, copyrights and licenses are of varying remaining durations. †¢Seasonal operations The Company does not consider its operations to be seasonal to any material degree. †¢ Working capital practices Information about the Company’s working capital practices is incorporated herein by reference to Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 27, and the Consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 in Part II, Item 8, page 30 of this Form 10-K. †¢ Customers The Company’s business is not dependent upon either a single customer or small group of customers. †¢ Backlog Company-operated restaurants have no backlog orders. †¢Government contracts No material portion of the business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the U. S. government. †¢ Competition McDonald’s restaurants compete with international, national, regional and local retailers of food products. The Company competes on the basis of price, convenience, service, menu variety and product quality in a highly fragmented global restaurant industry. In measuring the Company’s competitive position, management reviews data compiled by Euromonitor International, a leading source of market data with respect to the global restaurant industry. The Company’s primary competition, which management refers to as the Informal Eating Out (IEO) segment, includes the following restaurant categories defined by Euromonitor International: quick-service eating establishments, casual dining full-service restaurants, 100% home delivery/takeaway providers, street stalls or kiosks, specialist coffee shops and self-service cafeterias. The IEO segment excludes establishments that primarily serve alcohol and full-service restaurants other than casual dining. Based on data from Euromonitor International, the global IEO segment was composed of approximately 6. 3 million outlets and generated $868 billion in annual sales in 2009, the most recent year for which data is available. McDonald’s Systemwide 2009 restaurant business accounted for approximately 0. 5% of those outlets and about 8% of the sales. 2 Management also on occasion benchmarks McDonald’s against the entire restaurant industry, including the IEO segment defined above and all other full-service restaurants. Based on data from Euromonitor International, the restaurant industry was composed of approximately 13. 1 million outlets and generated about $1. 79 trillion in annual sales in 2009. McDonald’s Systemwide restaurant business accounted for approximately 0. 2% of those outlets and about 4% of the sales. †¢Research and development The Company operates research and development facilities in the U. S. , Europe and Asia. While research and development activities are important to the Company’s business, these expenditures are not material. Independent suppliers also conduct research activities that benefit the Company, its franchisees and suppliers (collectively referred to as the System). †¢Environmental matters Increased focus by U. S. and overseas governmental authorities on environmental matters is likely to lead to new governmental initiatives, particularly in the area of climate change. While we cannot predict the precise nature of these initiatives, we expect that they may impact our business both directly and indirectly. Although the impact would likely vary by world region and/or market, we believe that adoption of new regulations may increase costs, including for the Company, its franchisees and suppliers. Also, there is a possibility that governmental initiatives, or actual or perceived effects of changes in weather patterns or climate, could have a direct impact on the operations of our restaurants or the operations of our suppliers in ways which we cannot predict at this time. The Company monitors developments related to environmental matters and plans to respond to governmental initiatives in a timely and appropriate manner. At this time, the Company has already undertaken its own initiatives relating to preservation of the environment, including the development of means of monitoring and reducing energy use, in many of its markets. †¢Number of employees The Company’s number of employees worldwide, including Company- operated restaurant employees, was approximately 400,000 as of year-end 2010. d. Financial information about geographic areas Financial information about geographic areas is incorporated herein by reference to Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 27 and Segment and geographic information in Part II, Item 8, page 40 of this Form 10-K. e. Available information The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The Company therefore files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such reports may be obtained by visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D. C. 20549, or by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (www. sec. gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information.

Foriegn Direct Investment

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) FDI or Foreign Direct Investment is any form of investment that earns interest in enterprises which function outside of the domestic territory of the investor. Foreign direct investment is that investment, which is made to serve the business interests of the investor in a company, which is in a different nation distinct from the investor's country of origin Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment One of the advantages of foreign direct investment is that it helps in the economic development of the particular country where the investment is being made.This is especially applicable for the economically developing countries. During the decade of the 90s foreign direct investment was one of the major external sources of financing for most of the countries that were growing from an economic perspective. It has also been observed that foreign direct investment has helped several countries when they have faced economic hardships. Foreign direct investment also permits the transfer of technologies. This is done basically in the way of provision of capital inputs.The importance of this factor lies in the fact that this transfer of technologies cannot be accomplished by way of trading of goods and services as well as investment of financial resources. It also assists in the promotion of the competition within the local input market of a country. The countries that get foreign direct investment from another country can also develop the human capital resources by getting their employees to receive training on the operations of a particular business.The profits that are generated by the foreign direct investments that are made in that country can be used for the purpose of making contributions to the revenues of corporate taxes of the recipient country. Foreign direct investment helps in the creation of new jobs in a particular country. It also helps in increasing the salaries of the workers. This enables them to get access to a better lifestyl e and more facilities in life. It has normally been observed that foreign direct investment allows for the development of the manufacturing sector of the recipient country.Foreign direct investment can also bring in advanced technology and skill set in a country. There is also some scope for new research activities being undertaken. Foreign direct investment assists in increasing the income that is generated through revenues realized through taxation. It also plays a crucial role in the context of rise in the productivity of the host countries. In case of countries that make foreign direct investment in other countries this process has positive impact as well. In case of these countries, their companies get an opportunity to explore newer markets and thereby generate more income and profits.It also opens up the export window that allows these countries the opportunity to cash in on their superior technological resources. It has also been observed that as a result of receiving foreig n direct investment from other countries, it has been possible for the recipient countries to keep their rates of interest at a lower level. It becomes easier for the business entities to borrow finance at lesser rates of interest. The biggest beneficiaries of these facilities are the small and medium-sized business enterprises.

Free Essays on Digging

the world is changing and ‘men like them’ are no longer needed. Turf c... Free Essays on Digging Free Essays on Digging The poem "Digging" (533) by Seamus Heaney is about a person looking out of a window at their Father digging. The poet is describing what he/she sees while their Father is working hard. Then the poem goes on to describe the feelings and emotions that the individual is feeling while the digging is occurring. The first and most obvious clue that allows me to realize who the author is in line one, "Between my finger and my thumb." (1). The poet writes in the first person throughout the poem creating the belief that he is speaking about himself. He writes about his Father and his Grandfather and he seems to move from describing his Father to describing his Grandfather. He does this so smoothly that the reader hardly notices that the transition from Father to Grandfather took place. The second clue to revealing the author is slightly more hidden. The poet mentions turf. Now Ireland is one of the only countries left in Europe that still have turf bogs. Since Seamus Heaney is Irish there is an obvious link to his country. When the poet writes about his Grandfather he implies that there used to be a lot of turf cutters in his day. "My Grandfather cut more turf in a day than any other man on Toners bog," (17-18). The lines show the amount of pride that the boy has towards his Grandfather. The line also implies that there used to be a lot of turf-cutters in his day. Heaney writes, "But I've no spade to follow men like them." (28). This could be written for a number of reasons, one could be that he just doesn't want to be a turf digger like his family. He might not find it mentally stimulating enough, but fears that his family will be upset about him doing something new and different. But he shows a lot of pride in what his Father and Grandfather do and did for a living. The person may also be upset because turf cutters are no longer needed. In other words the world is changing and ‘men like them’ are no longer needed. Turf c...